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A Microfinance Risk Programme

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Financial Institutions and
Health, HIV & AIDS Risk Management

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USER'S GUIDE

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About Us (8)

Contact Us (7)

Glossary of Terms (10)

User's Guide (160)

Site Map (3)

Background (162)

Acknowledgements (12)

International Finance Corporation (64)

Global Business Coalition against HIV/AIDS (65)

SIDA (66)

Use of the Guide and Tool (13)

The Guide at a Glance (14)

Chapter 1: Health & AIDS Risk (15)

Chapter 2: The Risk Management Framework (16)

Chapter 3: HIV & AIDS and Health Risks (17)

Chapter 4: Risk Controls and the Order of Implementation (18)

Chapter 5: Partnership Management (19)

The Tool (20)

Detailed Overview of Risks and Controls (21)

Introduction (22)

Purpose of Guide (23)

Poverty, Health Crises and HIV & AIDS (24)

Why Health and AIDS Risk Management? (25)

Risk as Opportunity (26)

Local Contextual Factors (27)

The Risk Management Framework (28)

Defining Risk (29)

Categorising Risk (30)

Key Elements of Risk Management (31)

Health and AIDS Risk Management in Practice (32)

Principles for Health and AIDS Risk Management (33)

HIV & AIDS and Health Risks (34)

Financial Risk - MFI Credit Risks (35)
          Late Payments or Default due to HIV & AIDS and Health Crises (71)
          Insurance and Reinsurance Counterparty Default Risk (72)

Other Financial Risks (36)
          Liquidity Risk: Lack of Funds for Loan, Withdrawal or Insurance Demands (73)
          Market Risks: Foreign Exchange Exposure (74)
          Insurance Risk: MFI Insurance Mispricing (75)
          Insurance Risk: MFI Insurance Claims Volatility (76)
          Insurance Risk: Adverse Selection (77)
          Insurance Risk: Insurance Fraud and Abuse (78)

People in the Workplace (37)
          Increased Staff Costs due to Health and HIV & AIDS Issues (79)
          Workplace Disruption, Discrimination against PLWHA Employees (80)
          Key Person Risk (81)

Operational Risks - Clients (38)
          Poor or Illegal Treatment of PLWHA Clients or Applicants (82)
          Unintended Group Responses to PLWHA Clients / Applicants (83)
          Fraud & Abuse Linked to HIV & AIDS and Health Issues (84)
          HIV & AIDS Fatigue (85)

Operational Risks - Systems and Processes (39)
          Mismanagement of Health and AIDS risks: Poor Data (86)
          Mismanagement of Health and AIDS Risks: Poor Local Knowledge (87)
          Product Development Risk (88)
          Regulatory Risks (89)
          Additional Risk Management Expenses (90)

Operational Risks - Partnerships (40)
          Partners' Services Poorly Aligned to MFI & Client Needs (91)
          Partner Services not Taken up by Clients or Staff (92)
          MFI Administration Failure in Relation to Partners and Services (93)
          Partners are Damaging to Reputation (94)
          Partners Fail to Deliver Required Services or Functions (95)
          Partner Forced to Terminate Service or Partnership (96)

Operational Risks - External Events (41)
          Reduced Overall Market Size (97)
          Unexpected Change in Client Loan Resting, Growth and Drop Out Patterns (98)
          Change in Client Utilisation of Other MFI Products (99)

Risk Controls and the Order of Implementation (42)

Policies and Procedures (43)
          Risk Management Policy and Vision (100)
          MFI HIV & AIDS and Health Policies, Procedures, Guidelines (101)

Strategic Processes (44)
          Monitoring Local Contextual Factors (102)
          Regular Strategic Review (103)

MIS: Data Gathering and Analysis (45)
          MIS: General Indicators Reporting and Monitoring (104)
          Data on Client Late Payment, Default, Resting, and Loan Growth (105)
          Data on Client Savings Account Purpose and Utilisation (106)
          Data on Client Insurance Claims (107)
          Data on Discrimination and Stigmatisation at Workplace (108)
          Data on Staff Wellness and Benefit Utilisation (109)

Market Research (46)
          Market Research Existing Clients (110)
          Market Research Former Clients (111)
          Market Research Potential Clients (112)
          Competitor Analysis (113)
          Pilot Testing (114)

MFI Capacity Building (47)
          Train Staff in MIS and Market Research (115)
          Train Staff on New Products and Client Health & AIDS Issues (116)

Technical Assistance and Expert Analysis (48)

Advocacy at National or Industry Level (49)

Workplace Focused Controls (50)
          Train staff on HIV & AIDS and Health Policy (117)
          Staff HIV & AIDS Preventive Education, Counselling, Wellness Programmes, Management Support (118)
          Employee Benefits for Staff (119)
          Staff HIV & AIDS Disease Management (120)
          MFI Business Continuity Planning (121)

Non Financial Services (51)
          Client HIV & AIDS Education and Prevention (122)
          Education, Prevention & Other Healthcare Services for PLWHA clients (123)
          Business Development and Financial Planning Services (124)
          Client Education on Insurance or Any Other Product (125)

MFI Product Development - Other than Insurance (52)
          Adjustments to Existing Credit Products (126)
          New Credit Products (127)
          Savings Products for Health Protection (128)
          Credit Products for PLWHA people (129)

Insurance Products (53)
          Credit Life Insurance (130)
          Credit Disability Insurance (131)
          Funeral Insurance (132)
          Disability Insurance (133)
          Health Insurance (134)
          Adjustments to Existing Insurance Products (135)
          Insurance Products for PLWHA clients (136)
          Insurance Product Features - Own or Partner Insurance (137)

Internal Risk Controls for MFI's with Extended Products (54)
          Fraud Control (138)
          Liquidity Management and Asset Liability Matching (139)
          Controls for Insurance Products - Cell Captive Insurance (140)
          Controls for Insurance Products - Reinsurance (141)
          Controls for Insurance - Insurance Technical Expertise (142)

Partnership Risk Management (55)

Why Partnerships? (56)

Generic Questions for All Partnerships (57)
          Defining Partnership Objectives (143)
          Selecting and Concluding Partnerships (144)
          Maintaining and Monitoring Partnerships (146)

Insurance Related Partners (58)
          Insurance Products (147)
          Reinsurance (148)

HIV & AIDS Prevention and Other Education Partners (59)

Health Related Partnerships (60)

Savings Partners (61)

Annexes (161)

Annex 1: Acronyms (62)

Annex 2: Glossary of Terms and Definitions (63)

Risks (155)

Controls (156)

Partnerships (157)

Useful Resources (158)

Useful Case Studies (159)

Site Map - All Content (9)

Partnerships (149)

Supporting Documentation (4)

Privacy Policy (5)

Terms and Conditions (6)

Useful Case Studies (151)

Case Studies 1 (153)

Useful Resources (152)

Useful Resources 1 (154)

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